Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies, Fear, and Anger in Children from Guanajuato After the Confinement Due to the Pandemic COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2024.v30n2.816Keywords:
cognitive emotional regulation, children, fear, angerAbstract
Background: The cognitive emotional regulation has a high impact on infants’ adaptation to their environment, this is why is essential their study. The maladaptive emotional regulation strategies can avoid achieve positive goals; whereas that adaptative emotional regulation has positive impact on the demands of the environment, including situations where the kids experience fear or intense anger. Objective: This work has as objective identify the possible relation between fear, anger and cognitive emotional regulation strategies considered maladaptive in 6 to 12 years old children after the pandemic COVID-19. Methods: The sample had 300 infants; age from 6 to 12, from Guanajuato state (Mexico). Results: It was found a high correlation positive between Positive reappraisal and Anger control (r = .47**), Rumination and Fear of the Violence (r = .43**), Rumination and Fear of the dead (r = .41**), Refocus on planning and Anger control (r = .38**), Self-blame and Temperament (r = .35**), Self-blame and Anger-out (r = .34**); and correlation high negative between Positive reappraisal and Anger-out (r = -.41**). Conclusion: It is necessary to do some intervention where the children learn how to use the most variety of cognitive emotional regulation strategies since they are using maladaptive strategies against the fear, like rumination in first place and followed by self-blame and blame to the others as the less one; adaptative strategies as refocused on plans and positive re-evaluation are bit used.
Downloads
References
Andrés, M. L., Stelzer, F., Vernucci, S., Canet, L., Galli, J. I., & Navarro, J. I. (2017). Regulación emocional y habilidades académica: relación en niños de 9 a 11 años de edad. Suma Psicológica, 24(2), 79-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sumpsi.2017.07.001
Batistoni, S. S. T., Ordonez, T. N., Silva, T. B. L., Nascimento, P. P. P., & Cachioni, M. (2013). Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ): indicadores psicométricos e relações com medidas afetivas em amostra idosa. Psicologia, Reflexão e Crítica, 26(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722013000100002
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2.a ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, publishers.
Domínguez, S. A., & Medrano, L. A. (2016). Invarianza factorial del Congitive Emotional Regulation Questionnarie (CERQ) en universitarios limeños y cordobeses. Universitas Psychologica, 15(1), 89-98.
Eisenberg, N. (2000). Emotion, Regulation, and Moral Development. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 665-697. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.665
Freire, T., & Tavares, D. (2011). Influência da autoestima, da regulação emocional e do gênero no bem-estar subjetivo e psicológico de adolescentes. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 38(5), 184-188. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101/60832011000500003
Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3.aed.). Sage. Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnarie: Psychometric Features and Prospective Relationships with Depression and Anxiety in Adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.3.141
Gignac, G. E., & Szodorai, E. T. (2016). Effect Size Guidelines for Individual Differences Researchers. Personality and Individual Differences, 102(1), 74-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.069
Gondim, S. M. G., Pererira, C. R., Hirschle, A. L., Palma, E. M., Alberton, G., Paranhos, J., Santana, V., & Ribeiro, W. R. (2015). Evidências de validação de uma medida de características pessoais de regulação das emoções. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 28(4), 659-667. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7153.201528403
Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion Regulation: Conceptual and Empirical Foundations. In J. J. Gross (ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (2.a ed., pp. 3-22). The Guilford Press.
Hemphill, J. F. (2003). Interpreting the Magnitudes of Correlation Coefficients. American Psychologist, 58(1), 78-79. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.58.1.78
Kaul, K., Konantambigi, R., & Anant, S. (2019). Child Temperament and Emotion Socialization by Parents and its Influence on Emotion Regulation by Children. Journal Indian Association. Child Adolescent Mental Health, 15(2), 13-33. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0973134220190202
Marina, J. A. (2006). Anatomía del miedo. Un tratado sobre la valentía. Anagrama.
Martins, C. R., Neiva, A. C. L., Bahia, A. F., Oliveira, C. X., Cardoso, M. I. S., & Abreu, J. N. S. (2021). Parents’ Mental Health and Children’s Emotional Regulation During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psicologia: Teoria e Prática, 23(1), 1-19. https://doi:10.5935/1980-6906/ePTPC1913534
Michelini, Y., & Godoy J. C. (2019). Efecto de emociones en toma de riesgo, deshonestidad y cognición social en adultos emergentes universitarios, Quaderns de Psicología, 21(3), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1508
Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Fernández-Martínez, I., Ortigosa-Quiles, M., & Espada, J. P. (2018). Spanish Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Child Version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. PLOS ONE, 13(8), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201656
Quero, L., Moreno, A. A., De León, P., Espino, R., & Coronel, C. (2021). Estudio del impacto emocional de la pandemia por COVID-19 en niños de 7 a 15 años de Sevilla. Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 38(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v38n1a4
Reyes-Pérez, V., Cruz-Torres, C. E., & Alcázar-Olán, R. J. (2021). Validación del Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-K) en niños mexicanos. Nova Scientia: Revista de Investigación de La Salle Bajío, 26(13), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.21640/ns.v13i26.2794
Reyes, V., & Sierra, G. (2014). Diferencias en la intensidad del miedo por tipo de escuela, edad y sexo. En S. Rivera-Aragón., R. Díaz-Loving., I. Reyes-Lagunes., & M. M. Flores-Galaz. (comp.), Aportaciones actuales de la Psicología Social (pp. 807-813). Universidad de Yucatán.
Reyes, V., & Reidl, L. M. (2015). Apego, miedo, estrategias de afrontamiento y relaciones familiares en niños. Psicología y Salud, 25(1), 91-101.
Rocha, T. I. C. (2015). O papel moderador de algumas características sócio-demográficas na relação entre a regulação emocional e o bem-estar: um estudo com trabalhadores portugueses [tesis de maestría no publicada, Universidad de Coimbra]. Repositorio institucional. https://hdl.handle.net/10316/28895
Rodríguez-Menchón, M., Orgilés, M., Fernández-Martínez, I., Espada. J. P., & Morales, A. (2021). Rumination, Catastrophizing, an Other-Blame: The Cognitive-Emotional Regulation Strategies Involved in Anxiety-Related Life Interference in Anxious Children. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52, 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00988-5
Rydell, A. M., Thorell, L. B., & Bohlin, G. (2007). Emotion Regulation in Relation to Social Functioning: An Investigation of Children Self-Reports. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4(3), 293-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620600783526
Sarmento-Henrique, R., Lucas-Molina, B., Quintanilla-Cobián, L., & Giménez-Dasí, M. (2017). La evaluación multiinformante de la regulación emocional en edad preescolar: un estudio longitudinal. Psicología Educativa, 23(1-7), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2017.01.001
Todd, A. R., Forstmann, M., Burgmer, P., Brooks, A. W., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015). Anxious and Egocentric: How Specific Emotions Influence Perspective Taking. Journal of Experimen,tal Psychology: General, 144(2), 374-391.https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000048
Troy, A. S., Wilhelm, F. H., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2010). Seeing the Silver Lining: Cognitive Reappraisal Ability Moderates the Relationship Between Stress and Depressive Symptoms. Emotion, 10(6), 783-795. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020262
Tull, M. T., & Aldao, A. (2015). New Directions in the Science of Emotion Regulation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.009
Veloso, V., Magalbáes, H., Vasconcelos, I. C., Costa, M. G., Teixeira, A., & Rayane, T., (2018). Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (EQR): Evidence of Construct Validity and Internal Consistency. Psico-USF Branganca Paulista, 23(3), 461-471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712018230306
Watkins, E. R., & Roberts, H. (2020). Reflecting on Rumination: Consequences, Causes, Mechanisms and Treatment of Rumination. Behavior Research and Therapy, 127, 103573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103573
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Verónica Reyes Pérez. Raúl José Alcázar Olán, Carolina Villada Rodríguez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright: In the event that the manuscript is approved for future publication, the authors retain the copyright and assign to the journal the rights to publish, edit, reproduce, distribute, exhibit, and communicate nationally and internationally in the various databases, repositories and portals.
Self-archiving policy: The author can share, disseminate, and publicize his research published by the media (e.g., academic social networks, repositories, and portals) available on the web. During the editorial review process, the journal will provide the author with the previous versions (post-print) which should NOT be disclosed by any media, only for personal use and for final approval. Liberabit will send the author the final version of the article (published version) in PDF and HTML to be shared, disseminated and disclosed by the media available on the web. After the publication of the articles, the authors can make other independent or additional agreements for the non-exclusive dissemination of the version of the article published in this journal (publication in books or institutional repositories), provided that it is indicated with the respective reference that the work has been published for the first time in this journal.