Effects of physical exercise on the episodic memory in healthy elderly chileans
Keywords:
Physical exercise, old age, episodic memory, sedentary lifestyleAbstract
Our objective was to analyze the effect of a regular physical activity program on the verbal and visuospatial episodic memory on mentally healthy elderly Chileans. Participated 74 elderly women without cognitive impairment – divided into an intervention group = 34 elderly women, who carried out physical activity for six months; and a control group = 40 sedentary women. We used the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) for the evaluation of the episodic memory. Analysis were performed inter- and intra-group with t student and d of Cohen to measure the effect size of t-tests. The results showed statistically significant differences in the post-test between the Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG); noticing better yields in the verbal and visual episodic memory of the IG with a large size effect. It is concluded that regular physical activity increases the processing capacity, retention, and evocation of the verbal and visual episodic information in healthy elderly women.
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References
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Angevaren, M., Aufdemkampe, G., Verhaar, H., Aleman, A., & Vanhees, L. (2008). Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005381.pub2
Babaei, P., Azali, K., Soltani, B., & Damirchi, A. (2013). Effect of six weeks of endurance exercise and following detraining on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor and memory performance in middle aged males with metabolic syndrome. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 53(4), 437.
Burín, D. & Arizaga, R. (1998). Test Auditivo Verbal de Rey- versión Buenos Aires (TAVR - BA). Validez y fiabilidad para adultos mayores en Capital Federal. III Congreso Nacional de Neuropsicología, Buenos Aires.
Chin, A., Van Uffelen, J., Riphagen, I., & Van Mechelen, W. (2008). The functional effects of physical exercise training in frail older people: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 38(9), 781.
Cortes, J., Galindo y Villa, G., & Salvador, J. (1996). La figura compleja de Rey: propiedades psicométricas. Salud mental, 19(3), 42-48.
Dickerson, B. C., Salat, D. H., Bates, J. F., Atiya, M., Killianay, R. J., Greve, D. N., ... Sperling, R. A. (2004). Medial Temporal Lobe Function and Structure in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Annals of Neurology , 56(1), 27-35.
FACEA. (2012). Encuesta Nacional de Hábitos de Actividad Física y Deportes. Concepción: Univesidad de Concepción.
Foster, P., Rosenblatt, K., & Kuljiš, R. (2011). Exercise-induced cognitive plasticity, implications for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Neurology, 2, 28. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00028
Harris, P. (2007). Evaluación de la memoria. In D. Burin, M. Drake, & P. Harris, Evaluación Neuropsicológica en adultos (pp. 97-128). Buenos Aires: Paidos.
Hotting, K. & Roder, B. (2013). Beneficial effects of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and cognition. Neurosciences and behavioral reviews, 37, 2243-2257. doi: 10.1016/ j.neubiorev.2013.04.005
Jak, A. (2012). The impact of physical and mental activity on cognitive aging. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 10, 273. doi: 10.1007/7854_2011_141
Jernigan, T. L., Archibad, S. L., Fennema-Notestine, C., Gamst, A. C., Stoud, J. C., Bonner, J., & Hesselink, J. R. (2001). Effects of age on tissues and regions of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Neurobiology of Aging, 22(4), 581-594.
Kirk-Sanchez, N. & McGough, E. (2014). Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: current perspectives. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 9, 51-62. doi: 10.2147/ CIA.S39506
Ko, I., Jeong, J., Kim, Y., Jee, Y., Kim, S., Kim, S., ... Chung, K. (2014). Aerobic exercise affects myostatin expression in aged rat skeletal muscles: a possibility of antiaging effects of aerobic exercise related with pelvic floor muscle and urethral rhabdosphincter. International Neurology Journal, 18(2), 77-85. doi: 10.5213/inj.2014.18.2.77
Landi, F., Abbatecola, A., Provinciali, M., Corsonello, A., Bustacchini, S., Manigrasso, L., ... Lattanzio, F. (2010). Moving against frailty: does physical activity matter? Biogerontology, 11(5), 537-545.
Landinez, N., Contreras, K., & Castro, A. (2012). Proceso de envejecimiento, ejercicio y fisioterapia. Revista Cubana de Salud Pública, 38(4), 562-580.
Lintlekofer, K. A. & Cotman, C. W. (2013). Exercise counteracts declining hippocampal function in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of Disease, 57, 47-55. doi: 10.1016/ j.nbd.2012.06.011
Liu-Ambrose, T., Eng, J., Boyd, L., Jacova, C., Davis, J., Bryan, S., ... Hsiung, G. (2010). Promotion of the mind through exercise (PROMoTE): a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise training in older adults with vascular cognitive impairment. BMC Neurology, 10-14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-14
Nelson, M. E., Rejeski, J., Blair, S. N., Duncan, P. W., Jugde, J. O., King, A. C., ... American Heart Association (2007). Physical activity and public health in older adults. Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 116(9), 1094-1105.
OMS. (2010). Recomendaciones mundiales sobre actividad física para la salud. Ginebra, Suiza: Ediciones de la OMS.
Pahor, M., Guralnik, J., Ambrosius, W., Blair, S., Bonds, D., Church, T., & Espeland, M. (2014). Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical triaL. Journal of the American Medical Association, 23, 96. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.5616
Radak, Z., Hart, N., Sarga, L., Koltai, E., Atalay, M., Ohno, H., & Boldogh, I. (2010). Exercise plays a preventive role against Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 20(3), 777-783. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-091531
Raz, N. (2005). The aging brain observed in vivo: differential changes and their modifiers. In R. Cabeza, L. Nyberg, & D. Park (Ed.), Cognitive neuroscience of aging (pp. 19-57). New York: Oxford University Press.
Rey, A. (1964). L´examen clinnique en psychologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Rey, A. (1975). Test de Copia y Reproducción de Memoria de Figuras Complejas. Madrid: TEA Ediciones, S.A.
Rey, A. (2003). Test de Copia y Reproducción de Memoria de Figuras Complejas. Madrid: TEA Ediciones, S.A.
Rodakowski, J., Skidmore, E., Reynolds, C., Dew, M., Butters, M., Holm, M., ... Rogers, J. (2014). Can performance on daily activities discriminate between older adults with normal cognitive function and those with mild cognitive impairment? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62(7), 1347-52. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12878
Saleh, D. & Janssen, I. (2014). Interrelationships among sedentary time, sleep duration, and the metabolic syndrome in adults. BMC Public Health, 14, 666. doi: 10.1186/14712458-14-666
Schmidt, M. (1996). Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: A Handbook. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Smith, P., Blumenthal, J., Hoffman, B., Cooper, H., Strauman, T., Welsh-Bohmer, K., ... Sherwood, A. (2010). Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(3), 239. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d14633
Smith, J., Nielson, K., Woodard, J., Seidenberg, M., Durgerian, S., Antuono, P., ... Rao, S. (2011). Interactive effects of physical activity and APOE-å4 on BOLD semantic memory activation in healthy elders. NeuroImage, 54(1), 635. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.070
Smith, J., Nielson, K., Woodard, J., Seidenberg, M., Verber, M., Durgerian, S., ... Rao, S. (2011). Does physical activity influence semantic memory activation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment? Psychiatry Research, 193(1), 60. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.04.001
Smith, J., Nielson, K., Woodard, J., Seidenberg, M., & Rao, S. (2013). Physical activity and brain function in older adults at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Sciences, 3(1), 54-83. doi: 10.3390/brainsci3010054
Smith, J., Nielson, K., Woodard, J., Seidenberg, M., Durgerian, S., Hantke, N., ... Rao, S. (2014). Physical activity reduces hippocampal atrophy in elders at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6, 61. doi: 10.3389/ fnagi.2014.00061
Sugarman, N., Woodard, J., Nielson, K., Smith, J., Seidenberg, M., Norman, A., ... Rao, S. (2014). Performance variability during a multitrial list-learning task as a predictor of future cognitive decline in healthy elders. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 36(3), 236. doi: 10.1080/ 13803395.2013.877875
Thalheimer, W. & Cook, S. (2002). How to calculate effect sizes from published research: A simplified methodology. Recuperado de http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/23381557/265024494/name/Effect_Sizes_pdf5.pdf
Valdivia, G. & Domínguez, A. (2012). Población de 80 y más años en Chile: una visión preliminar desde el punto de vista epidemiológico. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes, 23(1), 5-12.
Van Uffelen, J., Chin A Paw, M., Hopman-Rock, M., & Van Mechelen, W. (2008). The effects of exercise on cognition in older adults with and without cognitive decline: a systematic review. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 18(6), 486-500. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181845f0b
Wirth, M., Haase, C., Villeneuve, S., Vogel, J., & Jagust, W. (2014). Neuroprotective pathways: lifestyle activity, brain pathology and cognition in cognitively normal older adults. Neurobiology of aging, 35(8), 1873-1882. doi: 10.1016/ j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.015
Albala, C. (2007). Informe Final Evaluación del Adulto Mayor en Isapres. Santiago: Inta.
Angevaren, M., Aufdemkampe, G., Verhaar, H., Aleman, A., & Vanhees, L. (2008). Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005381.pub2
Babaei, P., Azali, K., Soltani, B., & Damirchi, A. (2013). Effect of six weeks of endurance exercise and following detraining on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor and memory performance in middle aged males with metabolic syndrome. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 53(4), 437.
Burín, D. & Arizaga, R. (1998). Test Auditivo Verbal de Rey- versión Buenos Aires (TAVR - BA). Validez y fiabilidad para adultos mayores en Capital Federal. III Congreso Nacional de Neuropsicología, Buenos Aires.
Chin, A., Van Uffelen, J., Riphagen, I., & Van Mechelen, W. (2008). The functional effects of physical exercise training in frail older people: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 38(9), 781.
Cortes, J., Galindo y Villa, G., & Salvador, J. (1996). La figura compleja de Rey: propiedades psicométricas. Salud mental, 19(3), 42-48.
Dickerson, B. C., Salat, D. H., Bates, J. F., Atiya, M., Killianay, R. J., Greve, D. N., ... Sperling, R. A. (2004). Medial Temporal Lobe Function and Structure in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Annals of Neurology , 56(1), 27-35.
FACEA. (2012). Encuesta Nacional de Hábitos de Actividad Física y Deportes. Concepción: Univesidad de Concepción.
Foster, P., Rosenblatt, K., & Kuljiš, R. (2011). Exercise-induced cognitive plasticity, implications for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Neurology, 2, 28. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00028
Harris, P. (2007). Evaluación de la memoria. In D. Burin, M. Drake, & P. Harris, Evaluación Neuropsicológica en adultos (pp. 97-128). Buenos Aires: Paidos.
Hotting, K. & Roder, B. (2013). Beneficial effects of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and cognition. Neurosciences and behavioral reviews, 37, 2243-2257. doi: 10.1016/ j.neubiorev.2013.04.005
Jak, A. (2012). The impact of physical and mental activity on cognitive aging. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 10, 273. doi: 10.1007/7854_2011_141
Jernigan, T. L., Archibad, S. L., Fennema-Notestine, C., Gamst, A. C., Stoud, J. C., Bonner, J., & Hesselink, J. R. (2001). Effects of age on tissues and regions of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Neurobiology of Aging, 22(4), 581-594.
Kirk-Sanchez, N. & McGough, E. (2014). Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: current perspectives. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 9, 51-62. doi: 10.2147/ CIA.S39506
Ko, I., Jeong, J., Kim, Y., Jee, Y., Kim, S., Kim, S., ... Chung, K. (2014). Aerobic exercise affects myostatin expression in aged rat skeletal muscles: a possibility of antiaging effects of aerobic exercise related with pelvic floor muscle and urethral rhabdosphincter. International Neurology Journal, 18(2), 77-85. doi: 10.5213/inj.2014.18.2.77
Landi, F., Abbatecola, A., Provinciali, M., Corsonello, A., Bustacchini, S., Manigrasso, L., ... Lattanzio, F. (2010). Moving against frailty: does physical activity matter? Biogerontology, 11(5), 537-545.
Landinez, N., Contreras, K., & Castro, A. (2012). Proceso de envejecimiento, ejercicio y fisioterapia. Revista Cubana de Salud Pública, 38(4), 562-580.
Lintlekofer, K. A. & Cotman, C. W. (2013). Exercise counteracts declining hippocampal function in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of Disease, 57, 47-55. doi: 10.1016/ j.nbd.2012.06.011
Liu-Ambrose, T., Eng, J., Boyd, L., Jacova, C., Davis, J., Bryan, S., ... Hsiung, G. (2010). Promotion of the mind through exercise (PROMoTE): a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise training in older adults with vascular cognitive impairment. BMC Neurology, 10-14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-14
Nelson, M. E., Rejeski, J., Blair, S. N., Duncan, P. W., Jugde, J. O., King, A. C., ... American Heart Association (2007). Physical activity and public health in older adults. Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 116(9), 1094-1105.
OMS. (2010). Recomendaciones mundiales sobre actividad física para la salud. Ginebra, Suiza: Ediciones de la OMS.
Pahor, M., Guralnik, J., Ambrosius, W., Blair, S., Bonds, D., Church, T., & Espeland, M. (2014). Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical triaL. Journal of the American Medical Association, 23, 96. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.5616
Radak, Z., Hart, N., Sarga, L., Koltai, E., Atalay, M., Ohno, H., & Boldogh, I. (2010). Exercise plays a preventive role against Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 20(3), 777-783. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-091531
Raz, N. (2005). The aging brain observed in vivo: differential changes and their modifiers. In R. Cabeza, L. Nyberg, & D. Park (Ed.), Cognitive neuroscience of aging (pp. 19-57). New York: Oxford University Press.
Rey, A. (1964). L´examen clinnique en psychologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Rey, A. (1975). Test de Copia y Reproducción de Memoria de Figuras Complejas. Madrid: TEA Ediciones, S.A.
Rey, A. (2003). Test de Copia y Reproducción de Memoria de Figuras Complejas. Madrid: TEA Ediciones, S.A.
Rodakowski, J., Skidmore, E., Reynolds, C., Dew, M., Butters, M., Holm, M., ... Rogers, J. (2014). Can performance on daily activities discriminate between older adults with normal cognitive function and those with mild cognitive impairment? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62(7), 1347-52. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12878
Saleh, D. & Janssen, I. (2014). Interrelationships among sedentary time, sleep duration, and the metabolic syndrome in adults. BMC Public Health, 14, 666. doi: 10.1186/14712458-14-666
Schmidt, M. (1996). Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: A Handbook. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Smith, P., Blumenthal, J., Hoffman, B., Cooper, H., Strauman, T., Welsh-Bohmer, K., ... Sherwood, A. (2010). Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(3), 239. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d14633
Smith, J., Nielson, K., Woodard, J., Seidenberg, M., Durgerian, S., Antuono, P., ... Rao, S. (2011). Interactive effects of physical activity and APOE-å4 on BOLD semantic memory activation in healthy elders. NeuroImage, 54(1), 635. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.070
Smith, J., Nielson, K., Woodard, J., Seidenberg, M., Verber, M., Durgerian, S., ... Rao, S. (2011). Does physical activity influence semantic memory activation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment? Psychiatry Research, 193(1), 60. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.04.001
Smith, J., Nielson, K., Woodard, J., Seidenberg, M., & Rao, S. (2013). Physical activity and brain function in older adults at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Sciences, 3(1), 54-83. doi: 10.3390/brainsci3010054
Smith, J., Nielson, K., Woodard, J., Seidenberg, M., Durgerian, S., Hantke, N., ... Rao, S. (2014). Physical activity reduces hippocampal atrophy in elders at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6, 61. doi: 10.3389/ fnagi.2014.00061
Sugarman, N., Woodard, J., Nielson, K., Smith, J., Seidenberg, M., Norman, A., ... Rao, S. (2014). Performance variability during a multitrial list-learning task as a predictor of future cognitive decline in healthy elders. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 36(3), 236. doi: 10.1080/ 13803395.2013.877875
Thalheimer, W. & Cook, S. (2002). How to calculate effect sizes from published research: A simplified methodology. Recuperado de http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/23381557/265024494/name/Effect_Sizes_pdf5.pdf
Valdivia, G. & Domínguez, A. (2012). Población de 80 y más años en Chile: una visión preliminar desde el punto de vista epidemiológico. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes, 23(1), 5-12.
Van Uffelen, J., Chin A Paw, M., Hopman-Rock, M., & Van Mechelen, W. (2008). The effects of exercise on cognition in older adults with and without cognitive decline: a systematic review. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 18(6), 486-500. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181845f0b
Wirth, M., Haase, C., Villeneuve, S., Vogel, J., & Jagust, W. (2014). Neuroprotective pathways: lifestyle activity, brain pathology and cognition in cognitively normal older adults. Neurobiology of aging, 35(8), 1873-1882. doi: 10.1016/ j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.015
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2015-06-30
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Effects of physical exercise on the episodic memory in healthy elderly chileans. (2015). LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 21(1), 81-89. https://ojs3.revistaliberabit.com/index.php/Liberabit/article/view/288
