Posttraumatic growth and psychosocial variables among victims of political violence
Keywords:
Religious coping, posttraumatic growth, political ideology, rumination, victims of political violence
Abstract
Background: The Chilean military dictatorship (1973-1990) left thousands of victims among those directly affected and their families, who were able to develop various mental health sequelae. Objective: The present study sought to evaluate a predictive model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) that included political ideology, religious coping and rumination in victims of political violence during the dictatorship. Method: The study involved 200 adults recognised in the Programme for Reparation and Integral Health Care (PRAIS), which is responsible for providing support to direct victims of human rights violations and their family members during the dictatorship. Out of these, 104 were women (52%) and 96 were men (48%) ranging in age from 30 to 91 years. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Religious Coping Scale, the Event-Related Rumination Scale and the Political Ideology Scale were used as instruments. Results: The main results indicated that positive religious coping and deliberate rumination predicted PTG. Deliberate rumination partially mediates between positive religious coping and PTG. Conclusion: It is concluded that positive religious coping and deliberate cognitive processing favour positive change in those directly affected by political violence and their family members. This reinforces the idea that victims of these violations manage to grow after these painful experiences.
Authorship contribution
MGR: conception and design of the study, data collection, data interpretation, discussion and writing of the manuscript.
FEG: study conception and design, data analysis, data interpretation, discussion and final revision of the manuscript. final revision of the manuscript.
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References
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Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., & Solomon, D. T. (2010). Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation as Independent Predictors of Well-Being. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 15(3), 156-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020903375826
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Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2010). The Posttraumatic Growth Model: Sociocultural Considerations. En T. Weiss, & R. Berger (Eds.), Posttraumatic Growth and Culturally Competent Practice (pp. 1-14). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (Eds.) (1999). Facilitating Posttraumatic Growth: A Clinician’s Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410602268
Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2001). Posttraumatic Growth: The Positive Lesson of Loss. En Neimeyer, R. A. (Ed.), Meaning Construction and the Experience of Loss.
Cárdenas, M., Arnoso, M., & Faúndez, A. (2016). Deliberate Rumination and Positive Reappraisal as Serial Mediators between Life Impact and Posttraumatic Growth in Victims of State Terrorism in Chile (1973-1990). Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(3), 545-561. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516642294
Cárdenas, M., Faúndez, A., Arancibia, M., & Ceruti, M. (2017). The Relationship Between Posttraumatic Growth and Psychosocial Variables in Survivors of State Terrorism and their Relatives. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(1-2), 428-447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517727494
Chatard, A., Arndt, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (2010). Loss Shapes Political Views? Terror Management, Political Ideology, and the Death of Close Others. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32(1), 2-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973530903539713
Chong, G., Mohamed, S., Hatim, A., & Zuraida, N. (2017). Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Patients: The Association with Religiosity and Religious Coping. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(2), 575-590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0267-y
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Faúndez, X., & Cornejo, M. (2010). Aproximaciones al estudio de la Transmisión Transgeneracional del Trauma Psicosocial. Revista de Psicología, 19(2), 31- 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2010.17107
Gadarian, S. K. (2010). The Politics of Threat: How Terrorism News Shapes Foreign Policy Attitudes. The Journal of Politics, 72(2), 469-483. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022381609990910
García, F. E., Barraza, C. G., Wlodarczyk, A., & Reyes, A. R. (2018). Psychometric Properties of the Brief-COPE for the Evaluation of Coping Strategies in the Chilean Population. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 31(22). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-018-0102-3
García, F. E., Cova, F., Rincón, P., Vázquez, C., & Páez, D. (2016). Coping, Rumination and Posttraumatic Growth in People Affected by an Earthquake. Psicothema, 28(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2015.100
García, F. E., Jaramillo, C., Martínez, A., Valenzuela, I., & Cova, F. (2014). Respuestas psicológicas ante un desastre natural: estrés y crecimiento postraumático. Liberabit, 20(1), 121-130.
García, F. E., & Miranda, F. (2019). Predictores de sintomatología postraumática aguda y crecimiento postestrés tras un accidente laboral reciente. Actualidades en Psicología, 33(126), 117-135. https://doi.org/10.15517/ap.v33i126.32680
García, F. E., Oyanedel, J. C., Páez, D., & Arias, P. R. (2020). Psychometric Properties of the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief-RCOPE) in Chilean Adults Exposed to Stressful Events. Journal of Religion and Health, 60,475-487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00976-7
García, F. E., Páez-Rovira, D., Cartes, G., Neira, H., & Reyes, A. (2014). Religious Coping, Social Support and Subjective Severity as Predictors of Posttraumatic Growth in People Affected by the Earthquake in Chile on 27/2/2010. Religions, 5(4), 1132-1145. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel5041132
García, F. E., Vega, N., Briones, F., & Bulnes, Y. (2018). Rumiación, crecimiento y sintomatología postraumática en personas que han vivido experiencias altamente estresantes. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 36(3), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.4983
García, F. E., & Wlodarczyk, A. (2016). Psychometric Properties of the Posttraumatic Growth inventory-short Form among Chilean Adults. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 21(4), 303-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2015.1108788
Gerber, M. M., Boals, A., & Schuettler, D. (2011). The Unique Contributions of Positive and Negative Religious Coping to Posttraumatic Growth and PTSD. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 3(4), 298-307. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023016
Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). Psychological Defense in Anticipation of Anxiety: Eliminating the Potential for Anxiety Eliminates the Effects of Mortality Salience on Worldview Defense. Psychological Science, 14(5), 516-519. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.03454
Gómez, E. (1985). La tortura como experiencia traumática: Perspectivas del daño [ponencia]. Seminario La Tortura en América Latina, Montevideo, Uruguay. http://www.smu.org.uy/dpmc/pracmed/temas/ddhh/tortura/a59-63.pdf
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Heida, A. (2019). Dictadura militar y memoria histórica en Chile [tesis de maestría, Universidad de Leiden]. Repositorio de estudiantes. https://hdl.handle.net/1887/81303
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Published
2021-06-12
How to Cite
Gómez, M., & García, F. (2021, June 12). Posttraumatic growth and psychosocial variables among victims of political violence. LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 27(1), e447. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2021.v27n1.05
Section
Research articles
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