Análisis de la estructura factorial de la escala de estrés percibido en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24265/Palabras clave:
estrés, estudiantes universitarios, validación de test, psicometríaResumen
Antecedentes: aunque la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS-10) es ampliamente utilizada, sigue siendo necesaria una evaluación rigurosa de su estructura interna entre estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Objetivo: evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la PSS en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud. Método: dos muestras aleatorias que totalizaron 399 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud completaron la PSS-10. El análisis factorial exploratorio utilizó el estimador WLSMV con rotación oblicua. El análisis factorial confirmatorio empleó el Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales con matriz de covarianza. El análisis bifactorial ortogonal evaluó la dimensionalidad de la PSS-10. Los análisis se realizaron tanto para la muestra total como para subgrupos estratificados por género. El análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo evaluó la equivalencia de la estructura factorial entre géneros. Resultados: los ítems de la escala mostraron cargas factoriales satisfactorias (> .40), buena consistencia interna (α >.80) y fiabilidad (ω > .84), y validez discriminante aceptable entre factores (< .85). Las correlaciones entre los factores de la PSS-10 y el malestar psicológico y la resiliencia fueron de la magnitud y dirección esperadas. El análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó mejores parámetros de ajuste (RMSEA = .091; CFI = .977; SRMR = .032) para la solución de dos factores (percepción negativa y afrontamiento del estrés) tanto para la muestra total como por sexo. Conclusiones: el modelo de dos factores no mostró invarianza de medición entre grupos de género. Los modelos bifactoriales ortogonales respaldaron la unidimensionalidad de la PSS10. A pesar de los matices estadísticos entre los modelos factoriales, la PSS-10 proporciona una medida robusta, simple y unidimensional del estrés percibido entre estudiantes de ciencias de la salud.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Giordanne Guimarães Freitas, Marcos Pascoal Pattussi, Tonantzin Ribeiro Gonçalves
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