Hacia una Integración de mindfulness e inteligencia emocional en psicología y educación

Palabras clave: integración, mindfulness, inteligencia emocional, sentimiento de bienestar, distrés emocional.

Resumen

Antecedentes: El presente artículo presenta una revisión empírica de la integración de mindfulness e inteligencia emocional. Mindfulness es un modelo de intervención cognitiva que facilita la toma de consciencia con la experiencia en el momento presente, favoreciendo la autorregulación emocional. Igualmente, la inteligencia emocional ha sido conceptualizada como una constelación de habilidades relacionadas con la percepción, entendimiento y un adecuado manejo de las emociones propias y de los demás. Ambos marcos conceptuales están asociados con un buen sentido de bienestar y desarrollo personal. Estado del arte. Se presenta una revisión de la evidencia científica preliminar publicada en la literatura psicológica y de educación, examinando los efectos mediadores de ambos constructos en el proceso de regulación emocional y calidad de vida individual. Conclusiones. Los reportes de los estudios evaluados indican que la interacción de mindfulness disposicional e inteligencia emocional ofrece beneficios significativos en los estados de bienestar de las personas. De igual manera, se reportó que la inteligencia emocional es un mediador entre mindfulness e incrementos en las emociones positivas. El propósito del presente artículo de revisión es identificar un modelo integrador en la regulación de la emociones, incluyendo los «ingredientes activos» que influyen en los estados de bienestar y la forma en que la práctica de mindfulness contribuye al aumento de las habilidades de la inteligencia emocional.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Citas

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., ... Williams, J. M. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329-342. doi: 10.1177/1073191107313003

Bao, X., Xue, S., & Kong, F. (2015). Dispositional mindfulness and perceived stress: The role of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 78, 48-52. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.007

Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., ... Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230-241. doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bph077

Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., & Salovey, P. (2011). Emotional Intelligence: Implications for personal, social, academic, and workplace success. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 88-103. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00334.x

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822

Campo, M., Laborde, S., & Weckemann, S. (2015). Emotional intelligence training: Implications for performance and health. In A. M. Colombus (Ed.), Advances in psychology research (pp. 75-92). New York, NY: Nova.

Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. B. (2009). Mindful emotion regulation: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 560-572.

Fresco, D., Moore, M., Dulmen M. van, Segal, Z., Ma, S., Teasdale, J., & Williams, J. (2007). Initial psychometric properties of the experiences questionnaire: validation of a self-report measure of decentering. Behavior Therapy, 38(3), 234-246. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.003

Garland, E. L., Farb, N. A., Goldin, P., Fredrickson, B. L. (2015). Mindfulness broadens awareness and builds

eudaimonic meaning: A process model of mindful positive emotion regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 26(4), 293-314. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2015.1064294

Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive reappraisal mediates the stress- reductive effects of mindfulness: An upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2(1), 59-67. doi: 10.1007/s12671-011-0043-8

Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 255-262. doi: 10.1093/clipsy/bph080

Hodzic, S., Scharfen, J., Ripoll, P., Holling, H., & Zenasni, F. (2018). How efficient are emotional intelligence trainings: A meta-analysis. Emotion Review, 10(2), 138-148. doi: 10.1177/ 1754073917708613.

Hölzel, B. K., Ott, U., Hempel, H., Weygandt, M., Morgen, K., & Vaitl, D. (2008). Investigation of mindfulness meditation practitioners with voxel-based morphometry. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3(1), 55-61.

Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(2), 109-119.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Dell Publishing.

Kidwell, B., Hasford, J., & Hardesty, D. M. (2015). Emotional ability training and mindful eating. Journal of Marketing Research, 52(1), 105-119. doi: 10.1509/jmr.13.0188

Lane, R. D., Reiman, E. M., Axelrod, B., Yun, L. S., Holmes, A., & Schwartz, G. E. (1998). Neural correlates of levels of emotional awareness: evidence of an interaction between emotion and attention in the anterior cingulated cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10(4), 525-535.

Lengacher, C., Johnson-Mallard, V., Post-White, J., Moscoso, M., Jacobsen, P., Klein, T., ... Kip, K. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness- based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 18(12), 1261-1272. doi: 10.1002/pon.1529:10.1002/pon.1529

Lengacher, C. A., Kip, K. E., Moscoso, M., Johnson- Mallard, V., Molinari, M., Gaurkee, D., et al., (2007). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) improves psychological status and general health among breast cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 16, 3, S72-S73.

Lengacher, C. A., Shelton, M. M., Reich, R. R., Barta, M. K., Johnson-Mallard, V., Moscoso, M. S., ... Kip, K. E. (2014). Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR (BC)) in breast cancer: evaluating fear of recurrence (FOR) as a mediator of psychological and physical symptoms in a randomized control trial (RTC). Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37(2), 185- 195. doi: 10.1007/s10865-012-9473-6

Lengacher, C., Reich, R., Post-White, J., Moscoso, M., Shelton, M., Barta, M., ... Budhrani (2012). Mindfulness based stress reduction in post-treatment breast cancer patients: an examination of symptoms and symptom clusters. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35(1), 86-94. doi: 10.1007/s10865-011-9346-4

Martins, A., Ramalho, N., & Morin, E. (2010). A comprehensive meta-analysis of the relationship beween emotional intelligence and health. Personality and Indivdual Differences, 49(6), 554- 564. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.029

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications, (pp. 3-34). New York: Harper Collins.

Moscoso, M. S. (2018). Mindfulness, autorregulación emocional y reducción de estrés: ¿ciencia o ficción? Revista Mexicana de Investigacion en Psicología, 10 (2), 101-121.

Moscoso, M. S., & Lengacher, C. A. (2015). Mecanismos neurocognitivos de la terapia basada en mindfulness. Liberabit, 21(2), 221-233.

Moscoso, M. S., & Lengacher, C. A. (2017). El rol de mindfulness en la regulación emocional de la depresión. Mindfulness & Compassion. 2, 64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.mincom.2017.08.002

Moscoso, M. S., Reheiser, E. C., & Hann, D. (2004). Effects of a brief mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on cancer patients. Psycho-Oncology, 13(1), S12.

Perera, H. N., & DiGiacomo, M. (2013). The relationship of trait emotional intelligence with academic performance: A meta-analytic review. Learning and Individual Differences, 28, 30-33. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2013.08.002

Ramos, N. S., & Hernández, S. M. (2008). Inteligencia emocional y mindfulness; hacia un concepto integrado de la inteligencia emocional. Revista Facultad de Trabajo Social, 24(24), 135-146.

Ramos, N. S., Hernández, S. M., & Blanca, M. J. (2009). Efecto de un programa integrado de mindfulness e inteligencia emocional sobre las estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional. Ansiedad y Estrés, 15(2-3), 207-216.

Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence, Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185-211. doi: 10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG

Sánchez-Álvarez, N., Extremera, N. & Fernández- Berrocal, P. (2016). The relation between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being: A meta- analytic investigation. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(3), 276-285. doi: 10.1080/ 17439760.2015.1058968

Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116-1119. doi: 10.1016/J.paid.2011.01.037

Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2013). Increasing Emotional Intelligence through Training: Current Status and Future Directions. The International Journal of Emotional Education, 5(1), 56-72.

Segal, Z. V., Williams, M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse. New York: Guilford Press.

Slaski, M., & Cartwright, S. (2003). Emotional intelligence training and its implications for stress, health, and performance. Stress and Health Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 19(4), 233-239. doi: 10.1002/smi.979

Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Fan, Y., Feng, S., Lu, Q., ... Posner, M. I. (2007) Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(43), 17152-17156. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707678104

Teal, C., Downey, L. A., Lomas, J. E., Ford, T. C., Bunnett, E. ,R. & Stough, C. (2018). The Role of Dispositional Mindfulness and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescent Males. Mindfulness, 10(1), 159-167. doi: 10.1007/s12671-018-0962-8

Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V., Soulsby, J., & Lau, M. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 615- 623.

Tugade, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2002). Positive emotions and emotional intelligence. In L. feldman Barret & P. Salovey (Eds.). The wisdom of feelings (pp. 319-340). New York: Guilford.

Tugade, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(4), 320-333. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320

Wang, Y., & Kong, F. (2014). The Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Impact of Mindfulness on Life Satisfaction and Mental Distress. Social Indicators Research, 116(3), 843-852. doi: 10.1007/s11205- 013-0327-6
Publicado
2019-06-18
Sección
Artículos Teóricos