Síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout) y sus consecuencias entre personal forense. Relación con vergüenza y culpa

Palabras clave: síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo; personal forense; culpa; vergüenza.

Resumen

Antecedentes: El trabajo del personal forense supone una fuente de exposición diaria a situaciones muy estresantes, pudiendo ser origen del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT). Objetivos: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la prevalencia del SQT y sus consecuencias en una muestra de 79 trabajadores del Instituto de Medicina Legal (IML) de Valencia (España). Método: Para la recogida de información se aplicó el “Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT)” y cuestionarios para evaluar sus consecuencias (Salud y Satisfacción laboral), así como escalas para medir niveles de Culpa y Vergüenza. Resultados: Se encontró al personal del IML en un riesgo moderado de SQT, siendo la variable Desgaste psíquico la que predijo de manera más intensa las consecuencias para la salud. En referencia al papel de las emociones dentro del SQT, se encontraron las prevalencias más elevadas para Culpa y Vergüenza, asociándose con la aparición de problemas de salud. Conclusiones: El personal del IML requiere de planes y programas de trabajo que contemplen su alto nivel de demanda, para evitar la aparición del SQT.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Citas

Ahola, K., Pulkki-Råback, L., Kouvonen, A., Rossi, H., Aromaa, A., & Lönnqvist, J. (2012). Burnout and Behavior-Related Health Risk Factors: Results from the Population-Based Finnish Health 2000 Study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31823ea9d9

Alimoglu, M. K., & Donmez, L. (2005). Daylight Exposure and the Other Predictors of Burnout Among Nurses in a University Hospital. International journal of Nursing Studies, 42(5), 549-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.09.001

Almazrouei, M. A., Morgan, R. M., & Dror, I. E. (2021). Stress and Support in the Workplace: The Perspective of Forensic Examiners. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 2, 100059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100059

Altun, I. (2002). Burnout and Nurses’ Personal and Professional Values. Nursing Ethics, 9(3), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1191/0969733002ne509oa

Armon, G., Melamed, S., Shirom, A., & Shapira, I. (2010). Elevated Burnout Predicts the Onset of Musculoskeletal Pain Among Apparently Healthy Employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(4), 399. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020726

Barr, P. (2020). Burnout in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses: Relationships with Moral Distress, Adult Attachment Insecurities, and Proneness to Guilt and Shame. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 48(4), 416-422. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2019-0323

Basinska, B. A., & Dåderman, A. M. (2019). Work Values of Police Officers and Their Relationship with Job Burnout and Work Engagement. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 442. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00442

Burisch, M. (2002). A Longitudinal Study of Burnout: The Relative Importance of Dispositions and Experiences. Work & Stress, 16(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370110112506

Byng, S., Cairns, D., & Duchan, J. (2002). Values in Practice and Practising Values. Journal of Communication Disorders, 35(2), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9924(02)00059-X

Cebrià, J., Palma, C., Ferrer, M., & Gutiérrez, I. (2004). El burnout es, probablemente también, una cuestión de valores, Jano, LXVI(1504), 56-57

Cohen, T. R., Panter, A. T., & Turan, N. (2013). Predicting Counterproductive Work Behavior from Guilt Proneness. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(1), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1326-2

Doest, L. T., Maes, S., Gebhardt, W. A., & Koelewijn, H. (2006). Personal Goal Facilitation Through Work: Implications for Employee Satisfaction and Well‐Being. Applied Psychology, 55(2), 192-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00232.x

Elliott, K. A., & Daley, D. (2013). Stress, Coping, and Psychological Well‐Being Among Forensic Health Care Professionals. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 18(2), 187-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8333.2012.02045.x

Feinberg, M., Ford, B. Q., & Flynn, F. J. (2020). Rethinking Reappraisal: The Double-Edged Sword of Regulating Negative Emotions in the Workplace. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.03.005

Flynn, F. J., & Schaumberg, R. L. (2012). When Feeling Bad Leads to Feeling Good: Guilt-Proneness and Affective Organizational Commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024166

Gil-Monte, P. R. (2005). El síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout). Una enfermedad laboral en la sociedad del bienestar. Ediciones Pirámide.

Gil-Monte, P. R. (2011). CESQT Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo. TEA Ediciones.

Gil-Monte, P. R. (2012). The Influence of Guilt on the Relationship Between Burnout and Depression. European Psychologist, 17(3), 231. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000096

Gil-Monte, P. R., López-Vílchez, J., Llorca-Rubio, J. L., & Sánchez, J. (2016). Prevalencia de riesgos psicosociales en personal de la administración de justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana (España). Liberabit, 22(1), 7-19

Hakanen, J. J., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Do Burnout and Work Engagement Predict Depressive Symptoms and Life Satisfaction? A Three-Wave Seven-Year Prospective Study. Journal of affective disorders, 141(2-3), 415-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.02.043

Harder, D. W., Rockart, L., & Cutler, L. (1993). Additional Validity Evidence for the Harder Personal Feelings Questionnaire‐2 (PFQ2): A Measure of Shame and Guilt Proneness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(3), 345-348. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199305)49:3<345::AID-JCLP2270490307>3.0.CO;2-Y

Iacovides, A., Fountoulakis, K. N., Kaprinis, S., & Kaprinis, G. (2003). The Relationship Between Job Stress, Burnout and Clinical Depression. Journal of affective disorders, 75(3), 209-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00101-5

Jeanguenat, A. M., & Dror, I. E. (2018). Human Factors Effecting Forensic Decision Making: Workplace Stress and Well‐Being. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 63(1), 258-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13533

Kalliath, T., & Morris, R. (2002). Job Satisfaction Among Nurses: A Predictor of Burnout Levels. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 32(12), 648-654. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200212000-00010

Karimi, M. N., & Fallah, N. (2021). Academic Burnout, Shame, Intrinsic Motivation and Teacher Affective Support among Iranian EFL Learners: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Current Psychology, 40(4), 2026-2037. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12144-019-0138-2

Kelty, S. F., & Gordon, H. (2015). No Burnout at this Coal-Face: Managing Occupational Stress in Forensic Personnel and the Implications for Forensic and Criminal Justice Agencies. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 22(2), 273-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2014.941092

Kömür, I., Ozdemirel, R. O., Ozver, I., Baspinar, B., Demir, M., Gönen, F., Kandemir, E., & Emul, M. (2017). Posttraumatic Stress and Burnout Symptoms in Forensic Doctors and Staff in a Mortuary. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 38(3), 184-188. https://doi.org/10.1097/paf.0000000000000329

Kriakous, S, Elliott, K., & Owen, R. (2019). Coping, Mindfulness, Stress, and Burnout among Forensic Health Care Professionals. Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice, 19(2), 128-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2018.1556545

Lee, H., Hwang, S., Kim, J., & Daly, B. (2004). Predictors of Life Satisfaction of Korean Nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(6), 632-641. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03251.x

Lim, M., & Yang, Y. (2015). Effects of Users’ Envy and Shame on Social Comparison that Occurs on Social Network Services. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 300-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.013

Maslach, C., & Leiter, M.P. (2016), Understanding the Burnout Experience: Recent Research and its Implications for Psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311

McMains, K. C., Peel, J., Weitzel, E. K., Der-Torossian, H., & Couch, M. (2015). Perception of Shame in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Training. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 153(5), 786-790. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599815598288

Michinov, N. (2005). Social Comparison, Perceived Control, and Occupational Burnout. Applied Psychology, 54(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00198.x

Moldvik, I., Ståhl, C., & Müssener, U. (2021). Work Ethics and Societal Norms Influence Sick Leave and Return to Work: Tales of Transformation. Disability and Rehabilitation, 43(21), 3031-3040. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1728398

Peterson, U., Demerouti, E., Bergstro, G., Samuelsson, M., & Marie, A. (2008). Burnout and Physical and Mental Health Among Swedish Healthcare Workers. Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04580.x

Pineles, S. L., Street, A. E., & Koenen, K. C. (2006). The Differential Relationships of Shame-Proneness and Guilt-Proneness to Psychological and Somatization Symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(6), 688. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2006.25.6.688

Rice, K. G., & Liu, Y. (2020). Perfectionism and Burnout in R&D Teams. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 67(3), 303-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cou0000402

Salgado, J. F. (2005). Personalidad y deseabilidad social en contextos organizacionales: implicaciones para la práctica de la psicología del trabajo y las organizaciones. Papeles del Psicólogo, 26(92), 115-128. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=77809207

Schult, T. M., Mohr, D. C., & Osatuke, K. (2018). Examining Burnout Profiles in Relation to Health and Well‐Being in the Veterans Health Administration Employee Population. Stress and Health, 34(4), 490-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2809

Sehsah, R., Gaballah, M. H., El-Gilany, A. H., & Albadry, A. A. (2021). Work Burnout and Coping Strategies among Egyptian Forensic Physicians: A National Study. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 11(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-021-00230-w

Severinsson, E. (2003). Moral Stress and Burnout: Qualitative Content Analysis. Nursing & Health Sciences, 5(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2018.2003.00135.x

Shaha, K. K., Patra, A. P., Das, S., Sukumar, S., & Mohanty, M. K. (2013). Awareness of Risks, Hazards and Preventions in Autopsy Practice: A Review. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2(22), 4030-4041. https://doi.org/10.14260/JEMDS/797

Sharma, B. R., & Reader, M. D. (2005). Autopsy Room: A Potential Source of Infection at Workplace in Developing Countries. American Journal Infectious DiseasesAm J Infect Dis, 1(1), 25-33.

Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2010). Teacher Self-Efficacy and Teacher Burnout: A Study of Relations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 1059-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.11.001

Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2003). Shame and Guilt. Guilford Press.

Toker, S., Melamed, S., Berliner, S., Zeltser, D., & Shapira, I. (2012). Burnout and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Study of 8838 Employees. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74(8), 840-847. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31826c3174

Van der Ploeg, E., Dorresteijn, S. M., & Kleber, R. J. (2003). Critical Incidents and Chronic Stressors at Work: Their Impact on Forensic Doctors. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(2), 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.8.2.157

Viljoen, M., & Claassen, N. (2017). Cynicism as Subscale of Burnout. Work, 56(4), 499-503. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-172518

Wang, H., Jin, Y., Wang, D., Zhao, S., Sang, X., & Yuan, B. (2020). Job Satisfaction, Burnout, and Turnover Intention among Primary Care Providers in Rural China: Results from Structural Equation Modeling. BMC Family Practice, 21(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-020-1083-8

West, C. P., Dyrbye, L. N., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2018). Physician Burnout: Contributors, Consequences and Solutions. Journal of internal medicine, 283(6), 516-529. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12752

World Medical Association. (2013). Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310(20), 2191-2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053

Zhao, J., Li, X., Xiao, H., Cui, N., Sun, L., & Xu, Y. (2019). Mindfulness and Burnout among Bedside Registered Nurses: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 21(1), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12582
Publicado
2023-06-30
Sección
Artículos de Investigación