Psychometric properties of a driving self-efficacy scale – short form in Argentinean drivers
Keywords:
self-efficacy, driving, traffic psychology, adaptation, ArgentinaAbstract
The purpose of this study was to translate and examine the psychometric properties of a driving self-efficacy scale developed by Dorn and Machin (2004). The factor structure, reliability and external validity of the scale were examined in a sample of 447 drivers from Cordoba, Argentina. In addition, measurement invariance across sex was also tested. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis support the unidimensional structure of the scale and the invariance of its parameters (configural, metric and scalar) between men and women. Reliability analyses using alpha and omega coefficients revealed high internal consistency (coefficients equal to 0.81 in both cases) and satisfactory evidence of external validity of the scale scores, with measures of risk perception, risky driving, history of traffic crashes and fines. Finally, results also showed that the scale seems to be relatively robust against response biases due to social desirability. In summary, findings support the validity and reliability of the scale in Argentina. However, further studies analyzing additional psychometric properties are needed.
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References
af Wåhlberg, A., Dorn, L., & Kline, T. (2010). The effect of social desirability on self-reported and recorded road traffic accidents. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13, 106─114. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2009.11.004
Aiken, L. (1985). Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45, 131–142. doi: 10.1177/0013164485451012
Baglin, J. (2014). Improving your exploratory factor analysis for ordinal data: A demonstration using FACTOR. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 19, 1─14.
Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. In F. Pajares, & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 307-337). Greenwich, Connecticut: Information Age Publishing.
Deery, H. (1999). Hazard and risk perception among young novice drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 30, 225─236. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4375(99)00018-3
Delhomme, P., & Meyer, T. (2004). Risk taking and self-efficacy among young male drivers: Self-efficacy and changing task demands. In T. Rothengatter & R. Huguenir (Eds.), Traffic & transport psychology (pp.135─146). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Domínguez, S. (2014). ¿Matrices policóricas/tetracóricas o matrices Pearson? Un estudio metodológico. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento (RACC), 6, 39─48.
Dorn, L., & Machin, M. (2004). Learner driving experience questionnaire. Cranfield University, UK and University of Southern Queensland, Australia.
Escanés, G., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Cardona, D. (2014). El impacto de las muertes por atropellos y colisiones de tránsito en la esperanza de vida en Argentina, Chile, Colombia y México, 2000-2011. Recuperado de http://www.alapop.org/Congreso2014/DOCSFINAIS_PDF/ALAP_2014_FINAL12.pdf
Falco, A., Piccirelli, A., Girardi, D., Dal Corso, L., & De Carlo, N. (2013). Risky riding behavior on two wheels: The role of cognitive, social, and personality variables among young adolescents. Journal of Safety Research, 46, 47─57. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2013.03.002
Forero, C., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Gallardo-Pujol, D. (2009). Factor analysis with ordinal indicators: A monte Carlo study comparing DWLS and ULS estimation. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 625─641. doi: 10.1080/10705510903203573
Geldstein, R., & Bertoncello, R. (2006). Aspectos demográficos y sociales de los accidentes de tránsito en áreas seleccionadas de la Argentina. Diagnóstico y aportes para el diseño de políticas y programas de prevención. Recuperado de http://www.saludinvestiga.org.ar/pdf/libros/2006/Geldstein-Bertoncello.pdf
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). Using SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
George, S., Clark, M., & Crotty, M. (2007). Development of the Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale. Clinical Rehabilitation, 21, 56─61. doi: 10.1177/0269215506071284
Glizer I. (1993). Prevención de accidentes y lesiones: concepto, métodos y orientaciones para países en desarrollo (Informe No 29). Washington DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
Herdman, M., Fox-Rushby, J., & Badia, X. (1998). “Equivalence” and the translation and adaptation of health-related quality of life questionnaires. Quality of Life Research, 6, 237─247. doi: 10.1023/A:1026410721664
Hoffmann, M. (2005). Comportamento do condutor e fenômenos psicológicos. Psicologia: Pesquisa e Trânsito, 1, 17─24.
Hogan, T. (2004). Pruebas psicológicas. México: Manual Moderno.
Horsthuis, S. (2011). De bijdrage van demografische en psychologische determinanten aan riskant rijgedrag door jonge en oudere automobilisten (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Twente, Holanda.
Lajunen, T., & Summala, H. (2003). Can we trust self-reports of driving? Effects of impression management on driver behavior questionnaire responses. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior, 6, 97─107. doi: 10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00008-1
Ledesma, R. (2004). AlphaCI: un programa de cálculo de intervalos de confianza para el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Psico-USF, 9, 31-37.
Ledesma, R., Peltzer, R., & Poó, F. (2008). Análisis de la producción en Psicología del Tránsito mediante PsycINFO (2000-2006). PSIC - Revista de Psicologia da Vetor Editora, 9(1), 11-24
Ledesma. R., Poó, F., & Montes, S. (2011). Psicología del tránsito: Logros y desafíos de la investigación. Psiencia: Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 3, 108─119. doi: 10.5872/psiencia/3.2.72
Livia, J., Ortiz, M., & Rodríguez, S. (2015). La evaluación psicológica del conductor de vehículos motorizados: Preocupación para la salud pública y la psicología en el Perú. Universitas Psychologica, 3, 99─117.
Machin, M., & Sankey, K. (2008). Relationships between young drivers’ personality characteristics, risk perceptions, and driving behaviour. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40, 541-547. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.010
McKenna, F. (1993). It won’t happen to me: Unrealistic optimism or illusion of control? British Journal of Psychology, 84, 39─50. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1993.tb02461.x
Ministerio de Salud (2016). Natalidad y mortalidad 2014. Recuperado de http://www.deis.msal.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Sintesis-estadistica-Nro1.pdf
Mognon, J., & Santos, A. (2014). Autoeficácia, desengajamento, impulsividade em motoristas. Psico-USF, 19, 457─466. doi: 10.1590/1413-82712014019003008
Mognon, J., & Santos, A. (2016). Escala de Autoeficácia para dirigir: construção e avaliação preliminar das propriedades psicométricas. Estudos de Psicologia, 33, 127─136- doi: 10.1590/1982-027520160001000013
Morisset, N., Terrade, F., & Somat, A. (2010). Perceived self-efficacy and risky driving behaviors: The mediating role of subjective risk judgment. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 69, 233─238. doi: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000027
Mynttinen, S., Sundström, A., Koivukoski, M., Hakuli, K., Keskinen, E., & Henriksson, W. (2009). Are novice drivers overconfident? A comparison of self-assessed and examiner-assessed driver competences in a Finnish and a Swedish sample. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12, 120─130. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2008.09.002
Mynttinen, S., Sundström, A., Vissers, J., Koivukoski, M., Hakuli, K., & Keskinen, E. (2009). Self-assessed driver competence among novice drivers – A comparison of driving test candidate assessments and examiner assessments in a Dutch and Finnish sample. Journal of Safety Research, 40, 301─309. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.04.006
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2013). Global status report on road safety: Supporting a decade of action. Geneva: Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Penfield, R., & Giacobbi, P. Jr. (2004) Applying a score confidence interval to Aiken’s item content-relevance index. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 8, 213–225. doi: 10.1207/s15327841mpee0804_3
Pérez, E., & Medrano, L. A. (2010). Análisis factorial exploratorio: Bases conceptuales y metodológicas. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento (RACC), 2, 58─66.
Petit, L. (2014). El factor humano en el sistema tránsito y seguridad vial y el modelo interaccional comportamental de tránsito. Psiencia. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 6, 48─54. doi: 10.5872/psiencia/6.1.121
Petridou, E. & Moustaki, M. (2000). Human factors in the causation of road traffic crashes. European Journal of Epidemiology, 16, 819─826. doi: 10.1023/A:1007649804201
Poó, F. (2014). Evaluación multidimensional del estilo de conducción. Su relación con variables psicológicas y comportamientos de riesgo (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Poó, F., Ledesma. R., & Montes, S. (2010). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de deseabilidad social del conductor (versión en español). Avaliação Psicológica, 9, 299─310.
Poó, F., Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Ledesma, R., & Díaz-Lázaro, C. (2013). Reliability and validity of a Spanish-language version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 17, 75─87. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2012.10.003
Soto, C., & Segovia, J. (2009). Intervalos de confianza asimétricos para el índice de validez de contenido: Un programa Visual Basic para la V de Aiken. Anales de Psicología, 25, 169–171.
Sullman, M., & Taylor, J. (2010). Social desirability and self-reported driving behaviours: Should we be worried? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13, 215─221. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2010.04.004
Sundström, A. (2008a). Construct validation and psychometric evaluation of the Self-efficacy Scale for Driver Competence. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 24, 198─206. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.24.3.198
Sundström, A. (2008b). Self-assessment of driving skill – A review from a measurement perspective. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 11, 1─9. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2007.05.002
Sundström, A. (2011). Using the rating scale model to examine the psychometric properties of the Self-efficacy Scale for Driver Competence. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27, 164─170. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000063
Taubman-Ben-Ari, O. (2008). Motivational sources of driving and their associations to reckless driving cognitions and behavior. European Review of Applied Psychology, 58, 51─64. doi: 10.1016/j.erap.2005.08.002
Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Mikulincer, M., & Iram, A. (2004). A multi-factorial framework for understanding reckless driving-appraisal indicators and perceived environmental determinants. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 7, 333─349. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2004.10.001
Tortosa, F., & Montoro, L. (2002). La psicología aplicada a la selección de conductores. Cien años salvando vidas. Psicothema, 14, 714─725.
Trógolo, M., Ledesma, R. D., & Medrano, L. A. (2017). Traducción y adaptación de la Aversion to Risk Taking Scale en conductores argentinos. Manuscrito presentado para su publicación.
Úbeda, C., Bhala, K., Puthenpurakal, J., Espitia-Hardeman, V., Dellinger, A., Ferrante, D., … Borse, N. (2008). Report of road traffic injuries in Argentina. Final Report Grant for Senior Researchers from the Road Traffic Injuries Research Network.
Aiken, L. (1985). Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45, 131–142. doi: 10.1177/0013164485451012
Baglin, J. (2014). Improving your exploratory factor analysis for ordinal data: A demonstration using FACTOR. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 19, 1─14.
Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. In F. Pajares, & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 307-337). Greenwich, Connecticut: Information Age Publishing.
Deery, H. (1999). Hazard and risk perception among young novice drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 30, 225─236. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4375(99)00018-3
Delhomme, P., & Meyer, T. (2004). Risk taking and self-efficacy among young male drivers: Self-efficacy and changing task demands. In T. Rothengatter & R. Huguenir (Eds.), Traffic & transport psychology (pp.135─146). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Domínguez, S. (2014). ¿Matrices policóricas/tetracóricas o matrices Pearson? Un estudio metodológico. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento (RACC), 6, 39─48.
Dorn, L., & Machin, M. (2004). Learner driving experience questionnaire. Cranfield University, UK and University of Southern Queensland, Australia.
Escanés, G., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Cardona, D. (2014). El impacto de las muertes por atropellos y colisiones de tránsito en la esperanza de vida en Argentina, Chile, Colombia y México, 2000-2011. Recuperado de http://www.alapop.org/Congreso2014/DOCSFINAIS_PDF/ALAP_2014_FINAL12.pdf
Falco, A., Piccirelli, A., Girardi, D., Dal Corso, L., & De Carlo, N. (2013). Risky riding behavior on two wheels: The role of cognitive, social, and personality variables among young adolescents. Journal of Safety Research, 46, 47─57. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2013.03.002
Forero, C., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Gallardo-Pujol, D. (2009). Factor analysis with ordinal indicators: A monte Carlo study comparing DWLS and ULS estimation. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 625─641. doi: 10.1080/10705510903203573
Geldstein, R., & Bertoncello, R. (2006). Aspectos demográficos y sociales de los accidentes de tránsito en áreas seleccionadas de la Argentina. Diagnóstico y aportes para el diseño de políticas y programas de prevención. Recuperado de http://www.saludinvestiga.org.ar/pdf/libros/2006/Geldstein-Bertoncello.pdf
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). Using SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
George, S., Clark, M., & Crotty, M. (2007). Development of the Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale. Clinical Rehabilitation, 21, 56─61. doi: 10.1177/0269215506071284
Glizer I. (1993). Prevención de accidentes y lesiones: concepto, métodos y orientaciones para países en desarrollo (Informe No 29). Washington DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.
Herdman, M., Fox-Rushby, J., & Badia, X. (1998). “Equivalence” and the translation and adaptation of health-related quality of life questionnaires. Quality of Life Research, 6, 237─247. doi: 10.1023/A:1026410721664
Hoffmann, M. (2005). Comportamento do condutor e fenômenos psicológicos. Psicologia: Pesquisa e Trânsito, 1, 17─24.
Hogan, T. (2004). Pruebas psicológicas. México: Manual Moderno.
Horsthuis, S. (2011). De bijdrage van demografische en psychologische determinanten aan riskant rijgedrag door jonge en oudere automobilisten (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad de Twente, Holanda.
Lajunen, T., & Summala, H. (2003). Can we trust self-reports of driving? Effects of impression management on driver behavior questionnaire responses. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior, 6, 97─107. doi: 10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00008-1
Ledesma, R. (2004). AlphaCI: un programa de cálculo de intervalos de confianza para el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Psico-USF, 9, 31-37.
Ledesma, R., Peltzer, R., & Poó, F. (2008). Análisis de la producción en Psicología del Tránsito mediante PsycINFO (2000-2006). PSIC - Revista de Psicologia da Vetor Editora, 9(1), 11-24
Ledesma. R., Poó, F., & Montes, S. (2011). Psicología del tránsito: Logros y desafíos de la investigación. Psiencia: Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 3, 108─119. doi: 10.5872/psiencia/3.2.72
Livia, J., Ortiz, M., & Rodríguez, S. (2015). La evaluación psicológica del conductor de vehículos motorizados: Preocupación para la salud pública y la psicología en el Perú. Universitas Psychologica, 3, 99─117.
Machin, M., & Sankey, K. (2008). Relationships between young drivers’ personality characteristics, risk perceptions, and driving behaviour. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40, 541-547. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.010
McKenna, F. (1993). It won’t happen to me: Unrealistic optimism or illusion of control? British Journal of Psychology, 84, 39─50. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1993.tb02461.x
Ministerio de Salud (2016). Natalidad y mortalidad 2014. Recuperado de http://www.deis.msal.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Sintesis-estadistica-Nro1.pdf
Mognon, J., & Santos, A. (2014). Autoeficácia, desengajamento, impulsividade em motoristas. Psico-USF, 19, 457─466. doi: 10.1590/1413-82712014019003008
Mognon, J., & Santos, A. (2016). Escala de Autoeficácia para dirigir: construção e avaliação preliminar das propriedades psicométricas. Estudos de Psicologia, 33, 127─136- doi: 10.1590/1982-027520160001000013
Morisset, N., Terrade, F., & Somat, A. (2010). Perceived self-efficacy and risky driving behaviors: The mediating role of subjective risk judgment. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 69, 233─238. doi: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000027
Mynttinen, S., Sundström, A., Koivukoski, M., Hakuli, K., Keskinen, E., & Henriksson, W. (2009). Are novice drivers overconfident? A comparison of self-assessed and examiner-assessed driver competences in a Finnish and a Swedish sample. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12, 120─130. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2008.09.002
Mynttinen, S., Sundström, A., Vissers, J., Koivukoski, M., Hakuli, K., & Keskinen, E. (2009). Self-assessed driver competence among novice drivers – A comparison of driving test candidate assessments and examiner assessments in a Dutch and Finnish sample. Journal of Safety Research, 40, 301─309. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.04.006
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2013). Global status report on road safety: Supporting a decade of action. Geneva: Organización Mundial de la Salud.
Penfield, R., & Giacobbi, P. Jr. (2004) Applying a score confidence interval to Aiken’s item content-relevance index. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 8, 213–225. doi: 10.1207/s15327841mpee0804_3
Pérez, E., & Medrano, L. A. (2010). Análisis factorial exploratorio: Bases conceptuales y metodológicas. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento (RACC), 2, 58─66.
Petit, L. (2014). El factor humano en el sistema tránsito y seguridad vial y el modelo interaccional comportamental de tránsito. Psiencia. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 6, 48─54. doi: 10.5872/psiencia/6.1.121
Petridou, E. & Moustaki, M. (2000). Human factors in the causation of road traffic crashes. European Journal of Epidemiology, 16, 819─826. doi: 10.1023/A:1007649804201
Poó, F. (2014). Evaluación multidimensional del estilo de conducción. Su relación con variables psicológicas y comportamientos de riesgo (Tesis de doctorado inédita). Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Poó, F., Ledesma. R., & Montes, S. (2010). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de deseabilidad social del conductor (versión en español). Avaliação Psicológica, 9, 299─310.
Poó, F., Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Ledesma, R., & Díaz-Lázaro, C. (2013). Reliability and validity of a Spanish-language version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 17, 75─87. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2012.10.003
Soto, C., & Segovia, J. (2009). Intervalos de confianza asimétricos para el índice de validez de contenido: Un programa Visual Basic para la V de Aiken. Anales de Psicología, 25, 169–171.
Sullman, M., & Taylor, J. (2010). Social desirability and self-reported driving behaviours: Should we be worried? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13, 215─221. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2010.04.004
Sundström, A. (2008a). Construct validation and psychometric evaluation of the Self-efficacy Scale for Driver Competence. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 24, 198─206. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.24.3.198
Sundström, A. (2008b). Self-assessment of driving skill – A review from a measurement perspective. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 11, 1─9. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2007.05.002
Sundström, A. (2011). Using the rating scale model to examine the psychometric properties of the Self-efficacy Scale for Driver Competence. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27, 164─170. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000063
Taubman-Ben-Ari, O. (2008). Motivational sources of driving and their associations to reckless driving cognitions and behavior. European Review of Applied Psychology, 58, 51─64. doi: 10.1016/j.erap.2005.08.002
Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Mikulincer, M., & Iram, A. (2004). A multi-factorial framework for understanding reckless driving-appraisal indicators and perceived environmental determinants. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 7, 333─349. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2004.10.001
Tortosa, F., & Montoro, L. (2002). La psicología aplicada a la selección de conductores. Cien años salvando vidas. Psicothema, 14, 714─725.
Trógolo, M., Ledesma, R. D., & Medrano, L. A. (2017). Traducción y adaptación de la Aversion to Risk Taking Scale en conductores argentinos. Manuscrito presentado para su publicación.
Úbeda, C., Bhala, K., Puthenpurakal, J., Espitia-Hardeman, V., Dellinger, A., Ferrante, D., … Borse, N. (2008). Report of road traffic injuries in Argentina. Final Report Grant for Senior Researchers from the Road Traffic Injuries Research Network.
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2017-06-14
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Psychometric properties of a driving self-efficacy scale – short form in Argentinean drivers. (2017). LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 23(1), 23-38. http://ojs3.revistaliberabit.com/index.php/Liberabit/article/view/10
